An Organization That Put The Customers At The Heart Of Its...

Recently, CXP conducted a survey to get the view of the employees about MBPS being an organization that put the customers at the heart of its operations. Here is a chart showing the Oct 14 vs. Sep 29 results. A month after the launch of CXP Sharepoint Site, only 65 people responded with 43 or 66% says that MBPS completely put the customers at the heart of its operations; 19 or 29% partially agreed with the statement; while 3 or 5% responded negatively. Interestingly, it only took 10 business days to increase the number of respondents into 264 on Oct 14 with 214 (81%); 45 (17%); and 5 (2%) responded yes completely, yes partially, and no respectively. The difference is 599% greater than the Sep 29 results! That is a huge number of responses from MBPS staff in a very short period of time! I can only think of one reason for that which is the Customer Experience Week. Last October 5-9, CXP held a Customer Experience Week in both Manila and Cebu sites. The said week is a jam pack of exciting activities to uphold customer service and honor and recognize our everyday heroes who serve and support our customers’ everyday. The week started with a recognition day promoting the applaud site. This was followed by a poster making contest with the theme of identifying â€Å"Who we are and what we do†. Then on the third day, a team photo contest was held in Manila site and a Dubsmash contest in Cebu. Before the Superhero fashion show and the Mr. and Ms. Everyday Heroes contest on theShow MoreRelatedSouthwest Airlines : Economic Challenges And Depression Essay1639 Words   |  7 Pagesleading U.S. low cost airlines that was established by Herb Kelleher and started operations in 1971 with only three Boeing 737aircrafts, and they served only three cities in Texas. After Southwest Airlines acquired AirTran Airways in 2011, it began its internation al services to three Caribbean destinations which includes Aruba, Bahamas and Jamaica. 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Medusa Quotes - What do writers say about Medusa

Medusa was  a monstrous being in Greek mythology, with a mass of snakes coming out of her head. According to legend, anyone who looked directly at Medusa would turn to stone. Perseus, a slayer of monsters, beheaded Medusa with a mirror given to him by the Greek gods so that he would not have to look at her. Over the centuries, famous writers as varied as Sigmund Freud and Ray Bradbury to Charlotte Bronte have mentioned Medusa in their poems, novels and general quotes. Below are some of the most memorable quotes from writers who alluded to this mythological figure. Literary Quotes Did I escape, I wonder? / My mind winds to you / Old barnacled umbilicus, Atlantic cable, / Keeping itself, it seems, in a state of miraculous / repair. - Sylvia Plath, Medusa This 1962 poem, which Plath wrote about her mother shortly before committing suicide in 1963, evokes the image of a jellyfish, whose tentacles are almost impossible to escape. The poem is a companion piece to Daddy, a work of exorcism in which she distanced herself from her dead father’s influence, according to Don Tresca, a scholar writing on the MuseMedusa. I thought Medusa had looked at you, and that you were turning to stone. Perhaps now you will ask how much you are worth? - Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre Jayne Eyre, the novels protagonist and narrator in this 1847 classic work of literature, is talking to  her clergyman cousin, St. John Rivers. Eyre had just learned about the death of her beloved uncle, and Rivers was commenting about how emotionless Eyre seemed to be after she heard the sad news. What thus snaky-headed Gorgon-shield / That wise Minerva wore, unconquered virgin, / Wherewith she  freezed  her foes to congealed stone, / But rigid looks of chaste austerity, / And noble grace that dashed brute violence / With sudden adoration and blank awe! - John Milton, Comus Milton, a famous 17th-century poet, is using the Medusa image to explain the importance of maintaining chastity, which is the subject of Comus.  According to myth, Medusa was a virgin until she was raped by the Greek god Poseidon in Athenas temple. Medusa Quotes in Popular Culture The television, that insidious beast, that Medusa which freezes a billion people to stone every night, staring fixedly, that Siren which called and sang and promised so much and gave, after all, so little.- Ray Bradbury The late science fiction writer, who died in 2012, is clearly calling television an idiot box that turns billions of people who gaze upon it nightly into stone. The terror of the Medusa is thus a terror of castration that is linked to the sight of something. The hair upon the Medusas head is frequently represented in works of art in the form of snakes, and these once again are derived from the castration complex. - Sigmund Freud Freud, the famous father of psychoanalysis, was using Medusas snakes to explain his theory of castration anxiety. You read any Greek myths, puppy? The one about the gorgon Medusa, particularly? I used to wonder what could be so terrible that you couldnt survive even looking at it. Until I got a little older and I figured out the obvious answer. Everything. -   Mike Carey and Peter Gross,  The Unwritten, Vol. 1: Tommy Taylor and the Bogus Identity This work is actually a comic book that uses imagery from Harry Potter to ancient mythology to tell the tale of its protagonist Tommy Taylor, the  former model for the boy hero of his father Wilson’s 13 fantasy novels. Taylor uses the Medusa image as a metaphor for his difficulties facing the realities of life. MORE RESOURCES Medusa - Sylvia PlathGorgon Quotes

Nova Scotia Ethic Assignment Free Essays

string(28) " shares in Great West Life\." Being short means that the firms sell more shares than are available in the new issue and the rim has some fire power in the after-market, meaning more liquidity. Mr.. We will write a custom essay sample on Nova Scotia Ethic Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Berry was earning millions of dollars for the bank in 2004, it was seeking outside legal opinions on the ramifications of renegotiating his contract to stop paying him so much. Cumming is willing to testify that senior executives at Scotia had divulged the bank’s desire to catch Berry in â€Å"something like a securities violation so Scotia could use it against him,† to either severely reduce his compensation package or fire him. The bank claimed that Berry had hidden his behavior and that his education and training was such that e should have known his â€Å"misconduct breached fundamental terms of his employment with Scotia, and was just cause for his termination. † Colon (berry’s lawyer) cited the passage in COMIC that exempts the distribution of any previously uninsured securities from being entered on the exchange. Williams responded by saying, â€Å"The advice we received from counsel-?†. Scotia lawyer interrupted, preventing Williams from finishing her sentence, explaining that what she was about to say was protected by solicitor-client privilege. But the fact that Williams, herself a lawyer, had sought a legal opinion on Berry’s reads begged a crucial question: if the head of compliance didn’t know whether or not what Berry was doing was improper, how could they expect him to understand? An industry that’s almost entirely self-regulated, Berry’s case raises questions about how this monitoring is carried out. The history of Citibank and David Berry The Bank of Nova Scotia, commonly referred to as Citibank, welcomed its first customers in Halifax, Nova Scotia in 1832. Citibank continued to expand its branches across Canada, into the U. S. ND overseas from the 1 9th century and onwards. In 1 999, Citibank’s Corporate Banking business and Scotia Capital Markets were integrated to form Scotia Capital. Citibank now serves to some 21 million customers in more than 55 countries across the world. One of the main factors for the growth and success of Citibank is that it fosters a committed team that l ives their shared values and works together to provide customers with expert advice, insights and financial solutions . Citibank clearly puts great emphasis on hiring the best candidates suitable for their jobs. One individual who stood out the most was David Berry. Berry first worked at Ernst Young after finding out that the firm loud pay for his MBA tuition if he committed to work for them for a few years. He had left Ernst Young after receiving his MBA and chartered accountant license to join Scotia Capital in 1995. Berry Was presented the opportunity to work at Citibank through his father’s friend, Gordon Cheeseburger, who was the chairman of Scotia Capital Markets at the time. Berry started out as a research associate and had later moved to the Sales and Trading department In the span of two years, he made his way up the ladder to eventually dominate Scotia Capital’s preferred desk. Berry became a to commodity as other banks wanted him to leave Citibank and join them, which led to Citibank offering Berry a direct-driven deal in which he kept a certain percentage of the profits he made for the bank. He was the only trader who received a direct-drive deal as all the other traders were compensated on an annual bonus. This direct-drive deal percentage was increased a few times as Citibank aimed to keep Berry at the bank. In 2003, it was stated that he had earned $15 million for himself , earning almost double of the CEO of Citibank. Through his performance he developed any privileges, and his domination of the industry made Berry extremely powerful. Shortly after his rise to success, he was dismissed from Citibank then known as Scotia Capital. What is the ethical case here? The ethical case here was that Citibank had fired Berry for supposedly engaging In inappropriate trading practices, specifically, selling newly issued preferred shares to clients without printing the trades biblically on the stock exchange. However, Berry claimed that it was perfectly fine to refrain from printing the trades on the stock exchange. **There were two issues involving Cecilia Williams that we’ve mixed up. . Cecilia Williams questioned him about the trade regarding Balconied and Great West Life. She determined that he was wrong to do this and was going to forward the tapes to MRS.. But Berry had played the tapes to Scotia head of trading, Mark Evader, and he said that this was fine and that every trader (including him) did this. As Williams was getting ready to send the report to MRS., Berry was allowed to attach a narrative to the report explaining his actions. He told Williams that he was going to state that Evader said that what he did was common practice. Williams reacted in shock and said â€Å"What? Our dead trader does this? † After this, there was no talk of the tapes going to RSI. This had nothing to do with the preferred shares. 2. The second issue is in regards to the preferred shares and whether or not they should have been printed on the stock exchange. RSI did their routine trade audit of Scotia, and it was during this that they discovered the preferred shares issue. Celiac Williams wasn’t sure if there practices were allowed, and Berry suggested getting opinion from another compliance expert Linda Frets who stated that he had done nothing wrong etc etc†¦. His is the main issue, and the reason he to fired for – not the Balconied and Great West Life trade. Http://www. Tortellini. Com/informer/random-situ if-informer/2008/06/01 / traders-revenge/4/ This had all started once Berry started to make millions for the firm and for himself, outpacing the earnings of top executives. Mr.. Berry had bought some shares in the Balconied mining company from a client and, in turn, sold the same client shares in Great West Life. You read "Nova Scotia Ethic Assignment" in category "Papers" Berry had not printed the trades on the exchange because the preferred shares were new issues (I. E. They were being offered to potential investors for the first time). Berry justified his actions because it was understood in the firm that new issues were exempt from being printed on the exchanged. However, his actions were wrong in the eyes of Cecilia Williams, the head of Scotia Capital’s compliance department. Williams had discussed to Berry that she was going to send the tape communication between Berry and his client to the Market Regulation Services. The market regulation service had started its routine scheduled trade desk review at Citibank. Berry went on to get another opinion from his own counsel from a compliance expert, Linda Frets. Frets ad advised that because the new issue shares in question had been sold from Berry’s inventory before being listed on an exchange, they did not constitute improper off-market transactions and thus were not in violation of Universal Market Integrity Rules (EMIR). Even if they had been, Berry did not understand why Citibank hadn’t alerted him to this issue long before now. He had never been secretive about how he operated. And, as far as Berry was concerned, there was no harm to his clients by trading this way. A few weeks later, Berry was asked to meet with Scotia Capital’s deputy chairman along with head Of institutional equities. Berry was notified that he was being suspended for the time being because Citibank was undergoing its own investigation relating to the preferred shares issue. Mr.. Berry filed a SSL 00 million claim focusing on constructive and wrongful dismissal. In return, Citibank filed a counterclaim along with a statement of defense. Ethical Issue in the Case and ethical behavior practices transgressed: One of the issues raised in the case is professionalism. The Commission found a violation and failure of the firm’s upper management to act in public interest in favor of their own. Mr.. Berry was allowed to book trades which were entered on the liquidity of the preferred stocks. These trades made money for Scotia, and the more money he made for the bank the more capital he was allocated and the bigger the inventory he could carry and the more money he made as compensation. Even though this is not illegal, integrity of the capital markets was threatened by these actions. Also, the lack of supervision from the management has led to a conflict of interest. Their actions could have had serious and lasting effects on the integrity of capital markets and public trust resulting from a lack of supervision in Scotia Capital. What is the Ethical Issue? The main issue in this case was whether printing the trades of the newly issued preferred shares on the stock exchange constituted unethical trading practices. Furthermore, if the practices were not deemed a violation of JIM by compliance expert Frets (and unsure by Scotia own Cecilia Williams), did Citibank act ethically in still pursuing their own investigation and terminating his contract? An identification of the key people involved, and their positions in the company Below is a list of the key people involved: 1 Cecilia Williams (head of Scotia Capital’s compliance department) 2. Linda Frets (External compliance expert) . Jim Mountain (Mr.. Berry’s boss at Scotia Capital Brian Porter, Scotia Capital’s deputy chairman 4. 5. Rick Hugh (Citibank CEO) 6. Marc Mannequin (Berry’s assistant) David Wilson (then vice-chairman of the Bank of Nova Scotia, and chairman 7. And CEO of Scotia Capital) 8. Andrew Cumming, who, until 2002, was Berry’s direct supervisor. Cumming swore an affidavit in support of Berry’s lawsuit, claiming that he saw nothing wrong with how Berry was ticketing new issue shares. 9. Mark Evader, Scotia head of trading People who have suffered David Berry David suffered as he had been out of a job for a long time, and thus has offered financially and occupationally. Although he had received many job offers, they were all contingent on the outcome of the case. His reputation has been damaged as this stigma will always stick to him. Furthermore, his absence from the industry for a significant period of time may have damaged his efficiency as a trader as he would have lost many clients and relationships, as well as the power he previously possessed. If he were to return to the industry, it would be near impossible to continue where he left off. In addition, David has further suffered financially as he has had to spend money n funding his case against Scotia. Citibank It is reported that the preferred desk has suffered without him since he was dismissed. Scotia has also had to spend a lot of money in the case against Berry. David Berry’s Clients David Beers clients have most likely suffered as well. If Berry, using his expertise was generating millions in income for himself, it’s clear that his clients were earning great profits on their investments as well. Although his clients can find another advisor, it is not likely that they will find one with the expertise and skill of David Berry David Berry’s Family His family has also suffered because he has not worked ever since the termination from Citibank. This must have cost the family as their standard of living must’ve lowered with the great loss in income. They were living very lavish lifestyles with Berry’s income. List of ethical behavior practices that were transgressed 1. Professionalism a. Knowledge of the law d. Misconduct 2. Integrity of Capital Markets a. Material Nonpublic Information (not completely sure) 4. Duties to the Employers B. Additional Compensation Arrangements (Don’t know if this fits) C. Responsibility of the Supervisor Description of Events, Penalties or Convictions that followed David Berry was terminated in June, 2005 from Citibank. He was alleged of committing security regulatory violations. He was accused of violating uniform market integrity rules. Berry went into a big legal battle to prove that he did not do anything wrong. Information was released to the media that higher management of Citibank were looking for opinions from alai. O,’errs to change Berry’s contract and keep him from leaving for a competitor prior to his accusation and termination from Scotia Capital. Eight years, later all allegations against Berry were dismissed by the IIRC. David Berry has a $100 million class action law suit against his former employer for constructive and wrongful dismissal. What should have happened to prevent improper action, and Resulting changes in corporate practices: We believe that the issue was in the company incompetence to provide adequate and effective supervision programs, and procedures for the employees to abide. Lack of supervision from Jim Mountain, as a manager towards the employees, and poor corporate culture has resulted in a failure of employee’s ethics. A stricter procedural rules and more effective management control should have been imposed and fulfilled. No changes to laws or regulations were performed. The circumstances Of his dismissal for allegedly breaching trading rules and the regulator’s investigation of his conduct while working at Citibank. For good measure, the bank’s statement added: â€Å"[Berry’s] misconduct breached fundamental terms of his employment with Scotia and was just cause for termination. He violated the trust and responsibility that accompanied his poss. Zion. † http://business functionalist. Com/2013/02/after-allegations- against-former-top-Citibank-trader-dismissed-its-now-Mann-a-Mann/ IIRC had brought two sets of allegations against Mr.. Berry claiming that he violated uniform market integrity rules during the distribution of new securities. The panel noted that after obtaining commitments from clients to buy shares in a new issue, some of the sales went through syndication while others went through Mr.. Berry’s inventory account. Because no commission was charged on all of these new-issue sales, some clients knew that the shares didn’t come from syndication. And what more the trade occurred when the expression of interest was made -? even though the trade confirmations didn’t show the usual new issue trailer. Everyone concerned understood that they were trading a new issue,† noted the panel, adding that prior to Mr.. Berry being terminated â€Å"his employer had no written syndication process policies or procedures. † In each of the two prior years to Mr.. Berry’s dismissal, he had earned $15- million, when CEO Rick Hugh made an average of $8-million and few on the Street would dream of making as much. Mr.. Berry, who is currently suing Citibank for constructive and wrongful dismissal Documents obtained by the Financial post suggest that, about six months before his termination under the cloud of the now-dismissed allegations, the ann. was seeking outside legal opinions on the ramifications of renegotiating his contract to stop paying him so much. The documents also said Mr.. Berry could be fired â€Å"in the event of any of a regulatory breach, trading losses, or a violation of the bank’s code of conduct. † http:// business. functionalist. Com/2013/02/21/after-allegations-against-former-top Citibank-trader-dismissed-its-now-Mann-a-Mann/ http:// business. functionalist. Com/2013/01/1 5/IIRC-chaw urges-against-David-berry- dismissed/ However, things turned sour after Citibank created a new contract limiting compensation up to $1 0 million unless stated by management. Berry had not signed this new contract in April 2005. In May 2005, a regulatory precursor to the IIRC issued a warning letter to Mr.. Berry. By the end of June 2005, Berry had been terminated with his group having chalked up about $43-million in net income. One year later Mr.. Berry filed a $1 00-million claim alleging constructive and wrongful dismissal. In turn, the bank has filed a statement of defense and counterclaim. Was Citibank trying to save themselves to the possible illegal trading activity conducted by Mr.. Berry, or was it the top executives’ jealousy the main driver for Berry’s firing? How to cite Nova Scotia Ethic Assignment, Papers

Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice

Question: Discuss about the Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice. Answer: Introduction: While searching research article specific to the research questions, it is important to use specific search terms so that search process is defined and appropriate article with the search term is retrieved. Use of keywords in electronic databases provides specificity to the search. These key words indicate the topic, which the database is able to retrieve after matching it with entered key words (Shariff et al. 2013). There are various models that aids a nurse in clinical judgment. The Tanners model of clinical judgment and the evidence based practice framework are two relevant models to support nurse in clinical judgment during practice. Tanners model of clinical judgment proposes following the stage of recalling patient situation, noticing, interpreting, responding and reflection-on-action to engage in clinical learning and develop professionally in their career. This helps to analyze the biasness, ethical perspective, level of knowledge or experience in conducting a clinical task. This is a kind of self-assessment to judge clinical scenario and provide effective care to patients (Mariani et al. 2013). On the other hand, evidence based practices enables nurse to improve their clinical skills by integrating research evidence in nursing practice. This provide an extended role in which the Tanners model helps to identify the limitation in skills of nurses and the evidence based practice framework p rovides the opportunity to implement best practice by the application of best evidence in daily practice (Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt 2011). Randomized controlled trial is the highest level of evidence, which aims to determine the cause-effect relationship between an intervention and outcome. The main advantage is that it reduces biasness in the study by means of the randomization process. On the contrary, the purpose of systematic review is to present the main findings of different research literature to identify the effectiveness of interventions. It is a means to summarize and appraise the research articles (Olivo et al. 2008). The main of the research study was to examine the impact of telemonitoring based service design for the management of uncontrolled hypertension in patients. Research in this area was considered important due to the poor outcome seen from routine clinical procedure for hypertension treatment. This happened mainly due to infrequent monitoring of blood pressure by patients, poor treatment adherence and reluctance by doctors to intensify treatment. Hence, use of randomized controlled trial will help to evaluate the effect of intervention on health outcome. The primary outcome for the study include mean daytime ambulatory systolic blood pressure six months after the intervention and secondary outcome include both the daytime ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Other indicators of secondary outcome measures included adherence to drugs, cholesterol level of patients, exercise tolerance and health related quality of life (McKinstry et al. 2013). In the study by McKinstry et al. (2013), participants were asked to self-measure their blood pressure twice every morning and evening by means of telemonitoring equipment. Through this means, the device could automatically transmit reading to mobile phones. Participants could share the feedback of blood pressure to other clinicians. The sample size of 400 participants is adequate for the study because the researcher utilized statistical method to estimate the sample size requirement for the study. This consideration wass based on study design and by means of calculation regarding appropriate size that could help to identify difference between telemonitoring and usual care (Zhong 2011). Post 6 months of intervention, the mean difference in daytime systolic ambulatory blood pressure between telemonitoring and usual care group was 4.3 mm Hg (95% confidence interval 2.0 to 6.5). This data tells that difference between blood pressure reading for telemonitoring and usual care arm. As the blood pressure fell between both group, the mean daytime systolic blood pressure revealed the difference for the two arms. On the other hand, 95% confidence interval means that of 100 different samples are taken, about 95 of the 100 confidence interval will contain the true mean value. Hence, the mean value within 95% confidence interval will lie between 2.0 to 6.5 and the value will fluctuate between this value. The p value for the mean difference in daytime systolic ambulatory blood pressure between telemonitoring and usual care group was 0.0002. The p value is the probability of finding the observed results when the null hypothesis of a research question is true. In this study, null hypothesis means no difference between blood pressure between two groups. P-value of 0.0002 reveal a statistically high significant. In case of telemonitoring group, the mean daytime ambulatory diastolic blood pressure fell from 87.4 mm Hg to 83.4 mm Hg. The difference in mean value for intervention and control group was 2.3 mm Hg. Although there was no difference in secondary outcome for both grpup, however telemonitoring was effective in lowering the blood pressure. The randomized controlled trial study in patients with uncontrolled hypertension gave positive results such a decrease in daytime ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressure. More compliance with intervention was also found as patients were found to frequently monitor blood pressure readings through the telemonitoring equipment. The intervention was also cost-effective as expense was only required for equipment, training and consultation. I also propose to use telemonitoring for uncontrolled hypertension patients due to positive implications for clinical studies. I would also make it more cost-effective by reducing the duplication of effort due to the time spent in adapting the new technology. This will be done by providing adequate training to staff regarding the efficiently using the telemonitoring equipment so that they become confident in handling it. This would also eliminate the problem of non-compliance with treatment and little attention to constantly monitor the blood p ressure. This intervention will promote easy access to constant blood pressure monitoring and seeking feedback from patients (McKinstry et al. 2013), Number of patients with healed ulcer (good outcome) in control group (Bandage A)= 65% Number of patients with no healed ulcer (bad outcome) in control group= 35% Number of patients with healed ulcer (good outcome) in intervention group (Bandage B)= 85% Number of patients with poor healing of ulcer (poor outcome) in intervention group (Bandage B)= 15% Bad outcome Good outcome Total Intervention group 15% (A) 85% (B) 100 Control group 35% (C) 65% (D) 100 A+C= 50% B+D= 150% 200 Relative risk of healing (RR)= = (15/ 100)/(35/100) = 0.428 Therefore, the relative risk of poor outcome in healing of leg ulcer is 0.428 If the risk is less than 1, it indicates that intervention group have less risk compared to control group. Absolute risk difference (ARD)= Difference in absolute risk between control and intervention group= 85%-65%- 20% Number needed to treat (NNT)= Inverse of absolute risk reduction= 1/ 20= 5 This indicates that atleast 5 people needed to treated to avoid poor outcome in healing leg ulcer The value of RR according to calculation is 4.28. As relative risk is the proportion of risk present between intervention and control group, this value suggest that the risk of bad outcome is more in control group compared to intervention group. The value for ARD is 20 %. This is simply the difference between risk compared to relative difference between risk. NNT value of 5 indicates that a minimum of people is needed to be treated to avoid the risk of poor outcome in healing. Bandage B is considered over Bandage for healing ulcer because its relative risk is low compared to Bandage A. While implementing any new intervention, it is necessary to evaluate the evaluate the chances of risk outcome. The minimum is the risk outcome, the more efficacious is the intervention. Hence, Bandage B should be considered over Bandage for treating leg ulcer. Part three: Implementation of EBP There are many barriers to implementing the new researching finding in clinical setting. These are: Organizational barrier- Due to lack of support in encouraging staffs to utilize evidence based intervention, health care professional continue to use traditional method of care. T compromises the desired quality of care. Issues in developing evidence based policy- To effectively integrate new research findings, appropriate policy development is needed. However, this is difficult due to the hectic procedure and initial arrangement to supply adequate information system. Complexity and size of research- Nurses and staffs face barrier in interpreting the complex research data and evaluating their relevance in particular practice area. Lack of training- When health care staffs are not adequately trained in evidence based care, it acts as a barrier in the integrating it in research practice (Sadeghi?Bazargani et al. 2014). This subject helped me prepare for my role as a junior clinician as I got to learn new things about the ways to apply best evidence in practice. The evaluation and analysis of the randomized controlled trial gave me new insight regarding the purpose of such studies and how it contributes to clinical intervention. Secondly, use of different models such as evidence based framework and the Tanners model of clinical judgment supported me in developing my critical reflection skill. This tool can be effectively used to judge clinical situation, interpret issues and contemplate best action to solve patient issue. Currently, there is also a focus on implementing evidence based care in practice and the evidence based framework will effectively guide me in retrieving the best evidence that can be applied in clinical setting. Reference Mariani, B., Cantrell, M.A., Meakim, C., Prieto, P. and Dreifuerst, K.T., 2013. Structured debriefing and students' clinical judgment abilities in simulation.Clinical Simulation in nursing,9(5), pp.e147-e155. McKinstry, B., Hanley, J., Wild, S., Pagliari, C., Paterson, M., Lewis, S., Sheikh, A., Krishan, A., Stoddart, A. and Padfield, P., 2013. Telemonitoring based service redesign for the management of uncontrolled hypertension: multicentre randomised controlled trial.BMj,346, p.f3030. Melnyk, B.M. and Fineout-Overholt, E. eds., 2011.Evidence-based practice in nursing healthcare: A guide to best practice. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Olivo, S.A., Macedo, L.G., Gadotti, I.C., Fuentes, J., Stanton, T. and Magee, D.J., 2008. Scales to assess the quality of randomized controlled trials: a systematic review.Physical therapy,88(2), p.156. Sadeghi?Bazargani, H., Tabrizi, J.S. and Azami?Aghdash, S., 2014. Barriers to evidence?based medicine: a systematic review.Journal of evaluation in clinical practice,20(6), pp.793-802. Shariff, S.Z., Bejaimal, S.A., Sontrop, J.M., Iansavichus, A.V., Haynes, R.B., Weir, M.A. and Garg, A.X., 2013. Retrieving clinical evidence: a comparison of PubMed and Google Scholar for quick clinical searches.Journal of medical Internet research,15(8), p.e164. Zhong, B., 2011. How to calculate sample size in randomized controlled trial?.Journal of thoracic disease,1(1), pp.51-54.

20 Obscure Rhetorical Terms and Figures of Speech

20 Obscure Rhetorical Terms and Figures of Speech You probably know many figures of speech, such terms as metaphor and metonymy, irony and understatement- all the rhetorical terms that you probably learned in school. But what about some of the less familiar figures and tropes? There are hundreds of them, after all.  And while we may not recognize their names, we use and hear a good number of these devices every day. So lets take a look at 20 uncommon words (most of them Latin or Greek) for some fairly common rhetorical strategies. Accismus  - Coyness; a form of irony in which a person feigns a lack of interest in something that he or she actually desires.Anadiplosis  - Repetition of the last word of one line or clause to begin the next.Apophasis  - Emphasizing a point by seeming to pass over it- that is, mentioning something while disclaiming any intention of mentioning it.Aposiopesis  - An unfinished thought or broken sentence.Bdelygmia  - A litany of abuse- a series of critical epithets, descriptions, or attributes.Boosting  - An adverbial construction used to support a claim or express a viewpoint more assertively and convincingly.Chleuasmos - A sarcastic reply that mocks an opponent, leaving him or her without an answer.Dehortatio  -  Dissuasive advice given with authority.Diatyposis  - Recommending useful precepts or advice to someone else.Epexegesis  - Adding words or phrases to further clarify or specify a statement already made.Epimone  - Frequent repetition of a phrase or questio n; dwelling on a point.Epizeuxis  - Repetition of a word or phrase for emphasis (usually with no words in between). Hypocrisis  - Exaggerating the gestures or speech habits of another in order to mock him.Paronomasia  -  Punning, playing with words.Prolepsis  - ​A figurative device by which a future event is presumed to have already occurred.Skotison  - Intentionally obscure speech or writing, designed to confuse an audience rather than clarify an issue.Synathroesmus  - The piling up of adjectives, often in the spirit of invective.Tapinosis  - Name calling; undignified language that debases a person or thing.Tetracolon Climax  - A series of four members, usually in parallel form.Zeugma  - Use of a word to modify or govern two or more words although its use may be grammatically or logically correct with only one.

buy custom Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management essay

buy custom Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management essay Chapter 1 Introduction This section covers the background to the problem, problem statement, research questions, research objectives and the justification. 1.1 Background to the Problem Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) refers to the concept whereby companies take some responsibility in developing the community around them and the environment of their operations (Bendell, 2005). This obligation can extend to comply with legislation and makes organizations voluntarily take further steps to improve the standard of life for the people in the community and society at large (Stiglitz, 2006). The issue about CSR begun in the 20th century, although it did not gain a lot of momentum at the time. However, there were growing concerns from the large corporations. Some believed that giving back to the community would dilute the company's targets causing a reduction in company sales. Some other companies felt that social responsibility was the governments job, and they should not be involves. However, these people failed to realize that giving back to the community that had given so much to them would boost their position in the market as it would gain competitive advantage over other firms. This move would also attract employees and other investors. CSR helps to upgrade the living conditions of the people living in the society. The company ensures that it maintains a healthy and happy, work force and a conducive environment to operate by elevating poverty, hunger and illiteracy.. The United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) has also played a key role in increasing the awareness of CSR. The CSRs have helped to alleviate hunger and poverty, making the community aware of the impact the business has on the society.(Utting 2005). Garvey and Newell (2005) argue that CSR embraces the fact that all activities undertaken by a firm have an effect either inside or outside the company. Corporate Social Responsibility encompasses four distinct areas: The Workplace, The Marketplace, The Environment, and The Community. Many corporate continue to argue that their responsibility is to shareholders only. Stiglitz argues that companies are communities or people working together to achieve a mutual goal. The companies should care about each other and the community they operate in their production process. Chatterer (1994) defines community development as the process where people in a society organise themselves for planning and action; define their individual needs and problems; execute their plans while fully relying on the community resources and supplements from the government and non- government organizations. Chitere further notes that, in this connection, companiespracticingCSRs work towards an end that appeals to the community by development agencies or their clientele. It is now an accepted fact that poverty reduction and the sustainable development within the community may not be achieved through government action alone. Since the advent of the role of the market in development and characterised by the rolling back of the state, other players like the non- governmental organizations, the civil society and the private sector, play an increasing role in community development. Of late, policy makers paid additional attention to the potential input of the private sector to these policy objectives. Further, Utting (2005) notes that the private sector ought to play a key role towards achievement of MDGs especially in the developing countries. The foundations support communities in the areas of environmental conservation and provision of essential services such as education, health, water and economic development. CSR is associated with philanthropy, although the concept of CSR is gaining some prominence within policy debates in the UK. There are many private-related initiatives and business activities that might be described as expressions of CSR, and there are also emerging specialist CSR organisations Many CSR initiatives in South Africa operate through projects covering areas such as education, water, health and human capacity development through training. According to Kosura (2000) a project is a set of complex activities where community resources used yield expected returns. In addition, a project ensures that the involved parties commit themselves through the planning, implementation, financing and completion of the project. Kosura notes that a project must have a definite starting point and ending point. The object ive of establishing the progress of a project is to ensure the company achieves all the objectives set. A project will thus have the stages of identification, planning and designing, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. Monitoring and evaluation helps determine the progress towards achieving the intended goals and objectives. 1.2 Problem Statement Corporate Social Responsibility has widely been used as a marketing strategy by the corporate world with the aim of increasing a firms profits (Utting, 2005; Bendell et al, 2005; Cappellin and Giulian, 2004). Though some studies conducted in the past suggest that socially responsible firms have better performance in the stock market, as opposed to their competitors, many firms consider social responsibility an ethical moral issue, as opposed to an economic one. (Stiglitz, 2006). Moreover, available literature shows that when split off from commodities and when done with the involvement of the local community, CSR can highly contribute to community development (U N, 1993; Bryame, 2003; Manokha, 2004; Utting, 2005). Newel (2001) further argues that CSR has got the potential to contribute to poverty alleviation and sustainable development, though with some limitations. Alyson (2001) notes the business world playsa strategic role in the development process by engaging in CSRs. More often than not, it is the corporate view of the initiatives made and thus the perception in the society. There are studies done at the macro-level focusing on what companies do to their shareholders, workers and activities touching on the community, but assessment of whether such initiatives require the involvement of the local community, more so their view of the extent of mutuality in such CSR initiatives, is scanty. Hence, the study sets out to establish the communitys view of mutuality in CSR initiatives through a case study of The Shell Foundations Flower valley project in South Africa. 1.3 Research Questions As noted in the study background and problem statement, the gap identified in literature on CSR in community development is the lack of documented community views on such CSR initiatives. The study thus aims to answer the question, what is the communitys view of mutuality in Shell Foundations CSR Flower Valley. The following questions will help answer the main question: 1). what was the contribution of the community at the conceptualisation of the Shell foundation project? 2). what was the contribution of Shell Foundation at the conceptualisation of the Flower Valley project? 3). what was the contribution of the community in resource mobilisation for the Flower Project? 4). what was the contribution of Shell Foundation in resource mobilisation for the CSR Flower Valley Project? 1.4 Research Objectives The main objective of the study is establishing the communitys view of mutuality in Shell's Foundation Flower Valley Project. The 1objectives helping feed on to the main objective includes: 1). to find out the contribution of the community at the conceptualisation of Shells foundation flower valley project. 2). to find out the contribution of Shell Foundation at the conceptualisation of the CSR Flower valley Project. 3). to find out the contribution of the community in resource mobilisation for the CSR Flower Valley Project. 4). to find out the contribution of Shell Foundation in resource mobilisation for Shell Foundation. 1.5 Justification In the past, scholars have expressed fears that the society only understood the corporate worlds view, as the players in CSR. The study will help in addressing such fears amongst scholars in their scholarly works and contributions to policy-making. It will highly contribute to the understanding of local-level development, especially the role of local community in such development. Recommendations of the study will be useful to policy-makers for better planning of companies engagement in CSR initiatives. Knowing the communitys view of their engagement by the companies will help companies adopt appropriate ways of engagements that help both the communities and companies, as well. The study will be useful to Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOS) and Community Based Organisations (CBOs) in designing community engagements in their various activities on the local-level development. CHAPTER TWO 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction This chapter gives an in-depth review of literature on corporate social responsibility; its origin and development, its prospects for community development, its theoretical underpinnings. It also gives an overview of the concepts community development, mutuality, and the theoretical framework revolving three theories of Alternative Development, Community Participation and Basic Needs Approach. 2.2 Corporate Social Responsibility The debate about CSR begun in the early 20th century, although it was not as common as the time. This was amid growing concerns that the large corporations would gain excess power and hold in the community. The concept of corporate charity and stewardship played a key role in shaping the early thinking and perceptions about CSR in the United States (Bendell, 2005). According to Ida Tarbell in his 1904 publications, the History of the Standard Oil Company inspired the Supreme Courts decision where the US attained the mandate to split the company on the grounds of antitrust. Similarly, Sinclairs ideas in the book, The Jungle, published in 1906 helped to influence the congress decision to pass the Pure Food and Drugs Act, and the meat Inspection Act in the United States. These case studies can be used to demonstrate the early attempts made to mandate corporate social responsibility (Utting, 2005; Newell, 2001). According to Bendell (2005), the initials, CSR itself came in to be applied in the business world in the early 1970s. The term stakeholder, on the other hand, meant those individuals directly affected by an organization's activities. This means it refers to corporate owners who are beyond the shareholders level. The new paradigm of alternative development, which stresses on, developing the capacity of local communities to meet their needs has seen the increased emphasis of CSR in development. The international CSR agenda mainly represented the investors, NGOs, consumers, business associations and businesses. In developing countries, CSR has in the past been criticized for being insensitive to the plight of the local people and the basic needs of people. Newell (2001) and Alyson (2001) are categorical that any CSR initiative directed to a group of people ought to be designed and implemented with the involvement of that group of people. Today, many large companies now print copies of t he corporate social responsibility reports alongside their annual reports. This helps the organizations to plan for future projects as well as follow up on previous projects. In addition, the report usually concentrates on what companies call the non-financial activities which are positive in nature. Such CSR initiatives usually target the development of the local communities. 2.3 Theoretical Underpinnings of CSR There are considerable challenges in the corporate world that limit the growth of the organizations by limiting the potential returns of the firm. Government regulations and restriction also play a key role in influencing trade in a region. The government regulates the business using tariffs and other forms of restricting barriers. Globalization, Environmental regulations, political interference and exploitation are problems organizations face costing them millions of dollars. Ethical implications are in some instances, used as a costly hindrance that drives businesses and investors to shift their view point. CSR can also be used as a marketing strategy for organizations. When an organization takes up community projects in the environs, it attracts workers from the community who would want to be affiliated with an ethical company. In addition, this gives an organization competitive advantage over its competitors in the region. Although initially it might be a costly affair, the end j ustifies the means. This means that a company might advertise itself subconsciously through the CSRs. (Utting 2005). Globalization, therefore, makes competitions steeper as other firms will emerge /acquiring other businesses with competitive and alternative core competencies (Stiglitz, 2006). Stakeholder and governance theory suggests that modern business should no longer be preoccupied exclusively with the interests of shareholders and relations with the state and trade unions, but must respond to the concerns of multiple stakeholders, including NGOs, consumers, environmentalists, and local communities. Business can be pro-active and work with civil society organisations, government and multilateral institutions (Alyson, 2001; Utting, 2005: Stigliz, 2006). 2.4 Concept of Community Development Chitere (1994) defines community development as a movement designed toimprove the living standards off the entire community. He also sees it as a form of social action where the people of a community organise themselves for planning and action; define their individual needs and problems; execute their plans using the community resources. The government and the NGOs also play a role in supplementing the resources required for projects. The two definitions above appreciate the role of the community coming together, mobilising resources available from within and without, and working together for the fulfilment of a common objective. Chitere (1994) observes that community development perceives projects as a process, a method, a programme, and a movement, with its conception also portraying it as a means and an end. As a method, community development is a means for accomplishing some end. Itere further states that corporations participating in CSRs gain the appreciation and admiration of development agencies and their clientele. 2.5 CSR and Community Development Bryame (2003) argues that there are three schools of thought in the practice of Corporate Social Responsibility in the development. These are neo-liberal, which is self-regulation, by industry according to risks and rewards of CSR; state-led, national and international regulation and co-operation; and the "third way" which is the role of profit and non-profit organisations in community development. However, the author argues that the three theories may be criticized using theories applicable to a broader field of development, hence the importance of contextualizing the concepts under discussion. According to Newell (2001) the relationship between companies and local communities helps to build trust. This in the long run boosts the company image in the community. 2.6 The Concept of Participation According to Chambers (1997) and Paul (1987), participation is an active process by which local people take part in the planning, acting, monitoring and evaluating activities touching on their day-to-day lives. However, Bamberger (1986) argues that a complete definition of community participation must take into consideration the agents or organisational groups used; the medium or methods used to participate; the stages of the project; the programs level or scope; the participants and the intensity of participation. Paul (1987) proposes five objectives to which community participation might contribute, namely: Sharing project costs- Participants contribute money or labour during the project process. Increasing project efficiency- Involves the beneficiary consultation and involvement in project planning, management, implementation and operation. Increasing project effectiveness- The greater beneficiary involvement to help ensure project achieves its objectives and that benefits go to intended groups. Building beneficiary capacity- This will be by ensuring participants participate in project planning and implementation, and through formal and informal training and consciousness raising activities. Increasing empowerment- By increasing the control of the available resources in the underprivileged sectors of society and ensuring that the decisions made benefit the society in which they live. CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.0 Introduction This chapter gives an analysis of the research methodology to be adopted by the study, and it includes the site selection, the sampling, data and its sources, data collection criteria and techniques of data analysis and presentation of the study findings. 3.1 Site Selection Flower Valley district is a district located in South Africa, in Africa. Though regarded as well-off region in resource endowment, access to quality education still remains a crucial problem amongst the local community. This paper will focus on the Flower Valley, a Shell foundation Project. 3.2 Sampling The study will assume the approach of a case study and mainly with a deductive thinking with the units of analysis being the local households who are beneficiaries of the water project. The chairman of Shell Foundation and Flower Valley project director will be the key informants in the study. All households within the Flower Valley Location benefit from the education project. The sample will involve 60 households. The method used to select households will be the Simple random sampling.. 3.3 The data and its sources The study will use secondary sources of data. Secondary sources will involve review of the Shell Foundation annual reports and the companys publications on CSR. 3.4 Data Collection The researcher prefers using both structured and semi-structured questionnaires as well as interviews to collect data on the communitys contributions during project conceptualization, resource mobilization and in the on-going operations. A structured questionnaire mailed to the director of Shell foundation will effectively collect information on the company contributions during Shell Foundations conceptualisation, resource mobilisation and in the on-going operations. Shell Foundation seldom allows face-to-face interviews with their employees, hence the decision to mail the questionnaires.. This will, however, be a challenge to study as there will be no chance to enquire further on the responses given. An interview with the chairman of Shell Foundation to get an in-depth analysis of the on-going operations of the water project- the roles of the community, Shell Foundation and any other party involved. 3.5 Data Analysis and presentation Data analysis wills both quantitative and qualitative techniques will be used for data analysis. Questionnaire information will be coded and entered in SPSS for analysis to generate percentage figures on the extent of mutuality at the three stages of the project and overall, as operational zed by the study- Not There, Less, Much and Very Much. Figures on Percentage contributions of the Shell Foundation, the Community and others, will also be generated. Data from interview schedules and secondary sources will be analysed qualitatively through description. Review of the project annual report will help review the success of the project, thus helping tell with some certainty the likelihood of the project being sustainable. The findings of the study will be presented using figures and tables showing the extent of mutuality in project conceptualization, resource mobilization and on-going operations. This summarized data uses frequency tables in the SPSS and results explained using inferenc es as peoples opinion. On the other hand, descriptive continuous prose is the best present secondary sources information. Buy custom Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management essay

Should young people carry guns Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Should young people carry guns - Essay Example Reported incidences of gun possession particularly by the media enhanced the growing concern over school violence. Recent reports of violence are a clear indication that guns should be prohibited in schools as they instill fear, disrupt education and may lead to physical harm or death. Researchers have attempted to identify reasons for the increase in school violence. Research in the field of psychology, criminology and social sciences have attempted to identify reasons for the increase in violence. The research was carried out in order to explain crime among the youth and also, so as to develop effective policies that may reduce crime (DeLisi 20).Researchers needed to provide clear definitions of the term â€Å"Violence† and â€Å"Weapons† in order facilitate the establishment of effective policies and laws. According to Sexton-Radek, violence refers to the threat or use of physical force that results in physical damage or intimidates another individual (Sexton-Radek 5). Weapons were later defined as any object that may be used to instill harm or intimidation (Hanks 21). Crime prevention policies and laws were adopted in an attempt to reduce crime. I n1990, the Gun Free Schools Zones Act stated that it is a federal offence for a student to knowingly poses a firearm in the school zone. The 1994,Gun Free Schools Act stated that states receiving federal funds for education were required to enact state laws that approved the expulsion of students, as a consequence for gun possession(Hanks 16). These two laws laid the foundation for other implemented state statutes. Schools were expected to adopt policies and safety measures that ensure the protection of students and teachers within the school zone. The definition of a weapon greatly influenced the established laws governing ownership of guns. In the U.S weapons are classified into three categories. These categories are true weapons;